These works are all made on or contain original player piano scrolls––rich with history, religious metaphor and ancient narrative. The scrolls are a near- perfect material for me to express ideas about hearing and not hearing because the absence of the paper (the holes) indicate the presence of sound. Through years of experimentation, I have discovered ways to print copper and wood cut plates on this fragile, non-porous paper. Frequently, I will also draw and write on the scrolls, riffing on the titles and printed lyrics. I have used the scrolls for sculptural as well as two-dimensional works and will frequently exploit the exquisite shadows made by light passing through the patterned holes.